Life Cycle Assessment of Coal-Fired Power Production

TOC
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Methodology
2.1 System Boundaries and Data Availability
2.2 Methodology – Energy Considerations
2.3 Methodology – Comparison with Other Systems
2.4 Methodology – Sensitivity Analysis
2.5 Accounting
2.6 Time Frame and Issues in Assessing Environmental Consequences
3.0 Description of Pulverized Coal Boiler Plants Studied
3.1 Average Plant
3.2 NSPS Plant
3.3 LEBS Plant
4.0 Description of Coal Used in Analysis
5.0 Description of Process Blocks Studied in the LCA
5.1 Base Case Coal Mining Assumptions
5.1.1 Surface Coal Mining Equipment & Mine Requirements
5.1.2 Surface Coal Mining Reclamation Requirements
5.1.3 Underground Coal Mining Equipment & Mine Requirements
5.1.4 Coal Preparation/Cleaning
5.1.5 Coal Mining Methane Emissions
5.1.6 Transportation of Chemicals/Materials
5.2 Base Case Coal Transportation Assumptions
5.3 Base Case Power Plant Construction & Decommissioning Assumptions
5.4 Base Case Power Generation Assumptions
5.4.1 Trace Elements
5.4.2 Recycling of Power Plant Flue Gas Clean-up Waste and Ash
5.4.3 Landfilling of Flue Gas Clean-up Waste, Ash, and Refuse
6.0 Base Case Results by Impact Category
6.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions
6.2 Air Emissions
6.3 Water Emissions
6.4 Energy Consumption
6.5 Resource Consumption
6.6 Solid Waste

7.0 Results Specific to the Three Major Subsystems
7.1 Base Case Coal Mining Results
7.2 Base Case Coal Transportation Results
7.3 Base Case Power Plant Construction & Decommissioning Results
7.4 Base Case Power Generation Results
8.0 Sensitivity Analysis
8.1 Power Plant Efficiency Sensitivity Analysis (Case A-B)
8.2 Pond Versus Landfilling of Power Plant Ash Sensitivity Analysis (Case C)
8.3 Power Plant Construction & Decommissioning Sensitivity Analysis (Case D)
8.4 Coal Mining Methane Emissions Sensitivity Analysis (Case E)
8.5 Transportation Sensitivity Analysis (Case F-H)
8.5.1 Mine Mouth Case (Case F)
8.5.2 Average User By Land (Case G)
8.5.3 Farthest User (Case H)
8.6 Flue Gas Clean-up Waste & Ash Recovery and Disposal Sensitivity Analysis
(Cases I-L & Q-T)
8.7 Power Plant Operating Capacity Factor Sensitivity Analysis (Case M)
8.8 Mining Equipment Materials Sensitivity Analysis (Case N-O)
8.9 Landfilling versus Recycling Sensitivity Analysis (Case P)
9.0 Impact Assessment
9.1 Discussion of Stressor Categories
9.1.1 Atmospheric Concerns
9.1.2 Climate Change
9.1.3 Greenhouse Gases
9.1.4 Particulate Matter and Climate
9.1.5 Ozone Depletion Compounds
9.1.6 Smog: Photochemical and London
9.1.7 Acid Deposition
9.1.8 Contributors to Corrosion
9.1.9 Radionuclides
9.2 Known Effects of Specific Stressors
9.2.1 Nitrogen Compounds
9.2.2 Sulfur Compounds
9.2.3 Carbon Dioxide
9.2.4 Carbon Monoxide
9.2.5 Methane
9.2.6 Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHCs)
9.2.7 Cyanides
9.2.8 Ozone
9.2.9 Particulates
9.2.10 Trace Elements and Their Compounds
9.2.11 Alkali Metals
9.2.12 Fluorine, Fluorides, and Hydrogen Fluoride
9.2.13 Hydrogen Chloride
9.2.14 Radon
10.0 Improvement
10.1 Flue Gas Clean-up
10.2 Methane from Coal Mining
10.3 Flue Gas Clean-up Waste & Ash
11.0 Summary of Results and Discussion
11.1 CO Emissions
11.2 Non-CO Air Emissions
11.3 Flue Gas Clean-up
11.4 Transportation Subsystem
11.5 Energy
11.6 Water Emissions, Wastes and Resources
11.7 Surface versus Underground Mining
11.8 Sensitivity Analysis Findings
11.9 Improvement Opportunities
12.0 Future Work
13.0 Related Studies
14.0 Acknowledgments
15.0 References and Pertinent Literature
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